在 Java NIO 中,Proactor 模式是一种异步 I/O 模式,与 Reactor 模式相对应,它的核心思想是在数据准备就绪后,系统通知应用程序进行 I/O 操作,这样应用程序就可以处理更多的连接而不必阻塞。相比 Reactor 模式,Proactor 模式更适合处理大量的并发连接和数据的情况。
在 Proactor 模式中,应用程序不再需要像 Reactor 模式那样轮询 I/O 事件,而是把 I/O 操作的具体实现交给系统完成。当数据准备就绪时,系统通知应用程序进行 I/O 操作,应用程序仅需要处理读写完成后的结果。
与 Reactor 模式相比,Proactor 模式的优点在于能够提供更高的并发处理能力,更少的系统开销和更少的 CPU 占用率,因为系统负责 I/O 操作,应用程序只需要处理数据。
下面是一个简单的使用 Proactor 模式的 Java NIO 网络编程示例:
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
public class ProactorServer {
private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
private static final int PORT = 8080;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
AsynchronousServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.open();
serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(PORT));
serverSocketChannel.accept(null, new CompletionHandler<AsynchronousSocketChannel, Void>() {
@Override
public void completed(AsynchronousSocketChannel channel, Void attachment) {
serverSocketChannel.accept(null, this);
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(BUFFER_SIZE);
channel.read(buffer, buffer, new CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer>() {
@Override
public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer attachment) {
if (result < 0) {
try {
channel.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return;
}
attachment.flip();
channel.write(attachment, attachment, new CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer>() {
@Override
public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer attachment) {
if (attachment.hasRemaining()) {
channel.write(attachment, attachment, this);
} else {
attachment.compact();
channel.read(attachment, attachment, this);
}
}
@Override
public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {
try {
channel.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
@Override
public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {
try {
channel.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
@Override
public void failed(Throwable exc, Void attachment) {
System.out.println("Server Error");
}
});
while (true) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}